[Home] [Master Table of Contents]

[Risk Assessment Index]

Risk Assessment Technical Approach

Section 8 - References

Alexander et al., 1995. "Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints in Soil: Risk-Based Approach to Contaminated Site Management Based on Availability of Chemicals in Soil." M. Alexander, L. Goldstain, S. Pauwels, O. Zaborsky, C. Menzie, W. Heiger-Bernays, C. Montgomery, D. Nakles, R. Loehr, and M. Webster. Gas Research Institute, Environmental & Safety Research Group. April 1995.

Anderson, 1987. Practical Statistics for Analytical Chemists. Robert L. Anderson. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York, New York.

Baes et al., 1984. A Review and Analysis of Parameters for Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides Through Agriculture. C.F. Baes, III, R.D. Sharp, A.L. Sjoreen, and R.W. Shor. Research sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Interagency Agreement AD-89-F-2-A106. Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL-5786), Oak Ridge, Tennessee (operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.) for the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC05-8-4CR21400. September 1984.

Barnthouse et al., 1986. User’s Manual for Ecological Risk Assessment. L.W. Barnthouse, G.W. Suter II, S.M. Bartell, J.J. Beauchamp, R.H. Gardner, E. Linder, R.V. O’Neill, and A.E. Rosen. Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Publication No. 2679, ORNL-6251, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Bell, 1992. "Higher Plant Accumulation of Organic Pollutants from Soils." R.M. Bell. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R-92/138.

Calabrese and Baldwin, 1993. Performing Ecological Risk Assessments. E.J. Calabrese and L.A. Baldwin. Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

CSSA, 2000. Comments on Camp Stanley Storage Activity Receptor Survey/Site Visit Report, February 25, 2000.

D’Agostino, 1971. "An Omnibus Test of Normality for Moderate and Large Size Samples." R.B. D’Agostino. Biometrika 58:341-348.

Efron, 1981. "Censored Data and the Bootstrap." Bradley Efron. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 76, No. 374. June 1981.

Efron and Tibshirani, 1993. "An Introduction to the Bootstrap." Bradley Efron and Robert J. Tibshirani. Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability 57, Chapman & Hall.

Engineering Science, 1993. Camp Stanley Storage Activity Environmental Assessment. September 1993.

EPA, 1983. Hazardous Waste Land Treatment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, SW-874. April 1983.

EPA, 1989a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual (part A), interim final. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, EPA/540/1-89/002. December 1989.

EPA, 1989b. Summary of Ecological Risks, Assessment Methods, and Risk Management Decision in Superfund and RCRA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, EPA/230-03-89-046.

EPA, 1989c. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, volume II, Environmental Evaluation Manual. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, EPA/540-1-89-001. March 1989.

EPA, 1989d. Ecological Risk Assessment Methods: A Review and Evaluation of Past Practices in the Superfund and RCRA Programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation. June 1989.

EPA, 1991a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance, Standard Default Exposure Factors, interim final. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, OSWER Directive 9285.6-03. March 25, 1991.

EPA, 1991b. Role of the Baseline Risk Assessment in Superfund Remedy Selection Decisions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, OSWER Directive 9355.0-30. April 22, 1991.

EPA, 1992a. Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications, interim report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, EPA/600/8-91/001B. January 1992.

EPA, 1992b. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance, Dermal Risk Assessment, interim guidance (draft). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Toxics Integration Branch. August 18, 1992.

EPA, 1992c. Supplemental Guidance to RAGS: Calculating the Concentration Term. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, OSWER Publication 9285.7-08I. May 1992.

EPA, 1992d. Guidance for Data Usability in Risk Assessment (part A), final. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, PB9285.7-09A. April 1992.

EPA, 1992e. Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/630/R-92/001. February 1992.

EPA, 1992f. Methods for Evaluating the Attainment of Cleanup Standards Volume 1: Soils and Solid Media. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Statistical Policy Branch, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation. EPA 230/02-89-042. February 1992.

EPA, 1993a. Superfund’s Standard Default Exposure Factors for the Central Tendency and Reasonable Maximum Exposure, draft. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver, Colorado. Hand-dated November 4, 1993.

EPA, 1993b. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook, volumes I & II. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/600/R-93/187a.

EPA, 1993c. Wildlife Criteria Portions of the Proposed Water Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes System. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/822-R-93-006.

EPA, 1995. Assessing Dermal Exposure from Soil (Technical Guidance Manual). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. EPA/903-K-95-003.

EPA, 1996a. Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Background Document, final. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, EPA/540/R-95/128. May 1996.

EPA, 1996b. Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) - Annual Update, FY-1996. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, EPA/540/R-96/036. May 1996.

EPA, 1997a. Exposure Factors Handbook (update to Exposure Factors Handbook – EPA/600/8-89/043 – July 1989). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. August 1997.

EPA, 1997b. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments, interim final. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. June 2, 1997.

EPA, 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/630/R-95/002F. Final Report, April 1998.

EPA, 1999. Integrated Risk Information System on-line database. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.

Extoxnet, 1993. "Pesticide Training Manual." A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, The University of California, Michigan State University, and Oregon State University.

Gibbons, 1994. Statistical Methods for Groundwater Monitoring. Robert D. Gibbons. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, New York.

Gilbert, 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. R.D. Gilbert. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York, New York.

Gilliom and Helsel, 1986. "Estimation of Distributional Parameters for Censored Trace Level Water Quality Data 1: Estimation Techniques." Robert J. Gilliom and Dennis R. Helsel. Water Resources Research, Volume 22, No. 2. February 1986.

Haas and Scheff, 1990. "Estimation of Averages in Truncated Samples." C.N. Haas and P.A. Scheff. Environmental Science & Technology, 24.

Hansen and Chaney, 1984. "Environmental and Food Chain Effects of Agricultural Use of Sludges." L.G. Hansen and R.L. Chaney. In E. Hodgson, editor, "Reviews in Environmental Toxicology I." Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Helsel and Cohn, 1988. "Estimation of Descriptive Statistics for Multiply Censored Water Quality Data." Dennis R. Helsel and Timothy A. Cohn. Water Resources Research, Volume 24, No. 12. December 1988.

Helsel and Gilliom, 1986. "Estimation of Distributional Parameters for Censored Trace Level Water Quality Data 2: Verification and Applications." Dennis R. Helsel and Robert J. Gilliom. Water Resources Research, Volume 22, No. 2. February 1986.

Hill and Camardese, 1986. "Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants and Pesticides to Coturnix." E.F. Hill and M.B. Camardese. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Technical Report 2.

Howard, 1990. Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, Volume II: Solvents. P.H. Howard. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 546 pp.

Hudson et al., 1984. Handbook of Toxicity of Pesticides to Wildlife, 2nd ed. R.H. Hudson, R.K. Tucker, and M.A. Haegele. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. Resource Publication 153.

Jones, D.S., et al., 1996. "Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Sediment-Associated Biota." D. S. Jones, R. N. Hull, and G.W. Suter, II. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, ES/ER/TM-95/R2.

Menzie et al., 1993. Evaluating Ecological Risks and Developing Remedial Objectives at Forested Wetland Systems in New England. C. Menzie, J. Cura, J. Freshman, and S. Svirsky. In "Application of Ecological Risk Assessment to Hazardous Waste Site Remediation," Workshop Proceedings, EPA Science Advisory Board. pp. 89-100.

Parsons ES, 1998. Environmental Encyclopedia – Background Information Report. Prepared for Camp Stanley Storage Activity. February 1996, revised March 1998.

SAIC, 1997. CSSA Integrated and Natural Resource Management Plan. Science Applications International Corporation, December 1997.

Sample et al., 1996. Toxicological Benchmarks for Wildlife. B.E. Sample, D.M. Opresko, and G.W. Suter, II. Risk Assessment Program, Health Sciences Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ES/ER/TM-86/R2.

Sax, 1986. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. Sixth edition. N.I. Sax. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York, New York.

Shapiro and Wilk, 1965. "An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples)." S.S. Shapiro and M.B. Wilk. Biometrika 52:591-611.

Silva, 2000. Personal communication with Michelle Silva, Program Assistant, CSSA. March 13, 2000.

Suter and Tsao, 1996. "Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Aquatic Biota." G.W. Suter, II and C. L. Tsao. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, ES/ER/TM-96/R2.

TNRCC, 1996. Guidance for Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments Under the Texas Risk Reduction Program, Draft. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Office of Waste Management. RG-263, November 15, 1996.

TNRCC, 1998. Interoffice Memorandum: Implementation of the Existing Risk Reduction Rule. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Office of Waste Management. July 23, 1998 (updated April 7, 1999).

TNRCC, 1999. Guidance for Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments at Corrective Action Sites in Texas. Interim Guidance. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. November 1, 1999.

Travis and Arms, 1988. "Bioconcentration of Organics in Beef, Milk, and Vegetation." Curtis C. Travis and Angela D. Arms. Environmental Science and Technology 22(3)271.

USDOE, 1998a. Empirical models for the uptake of inorganic chemicals from soil by plants. BJC/OR-133. September 1998.

USDOE, 1998b. Development and validation of bioaccumulation models for earthworms. ES/ER/TM-220. February 1998.

USDOE, 1998c. Development and validation of bioaccumulation models for small mammals. ES/ER/TM-219. February 1998.

USFWS, 1986a. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. R. Eisler. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 85 (1.7).

USFWS, 1986b. Dioxins Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A synoptic Review. R. Eisler. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 85 (1.8).

USFWS, 1987. Mercury Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. R. Eisler. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 85 (1.10).

Venables and Ripley, 1994. Modern Applied Statistics with S-Plus. W.N. Venables and B.B. Ripley. Springer-Verlag. New York, New York.

Watkin and Stelljes, 1993. "A Proposed Approach to Quantitatively Assess Potential Ecological Impacts to Terrestrial Receptors from Chemical Exposure." G.E. Watkin and M.E. Stelljes. Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: 2nd Volume, STP 1216, J.W. Gorsuch, F.J. Dwyer, C.G. Ingersoll, and T.W. La Point, editors., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Will and Suter, 1995a. "Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants." M.E. Will and G.W. Suter, II. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, ES/ER/TM-85/R2.

Will and Suter, 1995b. "Toxicological Benchmarks for Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Soil and Litter Invertebrates and Heterotrophic Process." M.E. Will and G.W. Suter, II. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, ES/ER/TM-85/R2.